We are sleeping and a minute later we are looking for the jogging shoes and soon we're running with elastic step along the path usually less time trying to put the previous day . When, towards the end of the path, we come to the hill, we go to great lengths, speeding up the hill, slowing down only when it begins, now exhausted and gasping for breath.
How can the human body to deal with a range of energy needs from simple to stay one step achieving fast?
The secret is that it shall be what we might call a "power trio", each component of which is specialized in providing energy in a particular and very specific situation. The basis of any type of exercise is muscle contraction, and the only molecule that can provide energy directly to that end is the molecule ATP. There are two processes by which our bodies can synthesize ATP. One is an anaerobic process, which does not use oxygen and that glycolysis is the only one in the sense that the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis takes off the lactic fermentation, the other is an aerobic process that uses oxygen and in which the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis takes the way of the Krebs cycle and transport chain of electrons. These two processes are two components of our energy trio. Our muscle cells are able to store small amounts of ATP and slightly larger amount of another substance, phosphocreatine, which, when necessary, may transfer its phosphate group to ADP turning it into ATP. The reserves of ATP / phosphocreatine constitute the third component of our energy trio. Let's see now how the three components of the power trio cooperate during a bike ride that starts at a fairly sustained pace. Already with the first rides the body's energy demand increases significantly, the body of the cyclist can indeed consume more energy ten times greater than it consumes at rest. (For comparison, a person engaged in domestic work consumes a lot of energy that is three times that it consumes at rest.)
How do muscle cells to adapt to an increase of just such a strong need for ATP?
In the few seconds the initial role as a supplier of energy in the form of ATP is performed by the ATP / phosphocreatine, with a relatively small contribution of the anaerobic process and an even smaller contribution of the aerobic process. This difference is a reflection of the time it takes each of these systems to go operational. In fact, the sequence of glycolysis is formed by various reactions and other two stages of the aerobic process are formed by an even greater number of reactions. By comparison, the addition of ATI 'system-ATL' / phosphocreatine is practically zero. Recall, however, that the reserves of ATP / phosphocreatine are relatively small. A cyclist who had to depend only on esse'per a sprint would have enough energy for only about six seconds. At normal speed, according to the contribution to the tenth power of glycolysis alone equaled that of the ATP / phosphocreatine and thirtieth second has far exceeded. More or less at this point, the aerobic process, the third member of our trio of energy, provides only 30% of total ATP, but its contribution is rapidly increasing. The contribution ATP in the aerobic process is increasing in the course of any long and difficult training. While beginning the aerobic process provides less than 10% of total ATP after 10 minutes or disclose about 1'85%. You might think that this is more or less the final breakdown of the contributions of the three components of the ATP energy trio, but in fact this distribution may vary depending on the intensity of exercise. The contribution of our three components is distributed differently during a bicycle race between professional riders. When the runners proceed in a group at high speed, prevailing contribution of the aerobic process, while during the final sprint to pass first the contribution of reserves ATP / phosphocreatine (reconstructed while riding in a group) and also increases that of glycolysis. Finally, in the case of particularly challenging climb glycolysis predominates.
castellucciomichele@alice.it
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