Well our Italy, Italy as we're used to seeing her begin to be united, finally, in January 1861 and specifically from elections designed to train the Italian Parliament. In about two years, from spring 1859 to spring 1861, came from an Italy divided into seven states, the new kingdom: a route from the military victory of the Franco-Piedmont in 1859 and the concomitant gradual crumbling of the various Italian states who had tied their fate to the presence of Austria in the peninsula and ends with the proclamation of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy. Of facts gathered Feb. 18 in Turin, the first Italian Parliament that the order had days of the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy and the new title of King Vittorio Emanuele II, 26 February and was finally touched the Senate finally approved by the House by acclamation and promulgated on March 14, March 17, 1861 by Act No. 4671 of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which will be the Law One of the Kingdom of Italy from April 21.
born united Italy and with it one thousand questions.
Starting from the last day that we can not take the fact that not all feel the need to celebrate the event, to be honest, it is not surprising that much in a country that fails to find a national celebration in which to really recognize whole, which continues to have an April 25 "left", November 4 a "right", but above all, one wonders what might be the "homeland" of what they want part without reservation, with the heart and mind.
The Unity of Italy, as was achieved in 1861, it nevertheless has particular characteristics: it was the proclamation by the Parliament in Turin in March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy changed its name to that of Sardinia, following the annexation, through plebiscites, the conquered lands of the South in particular by the action of Garibaldi, who, going in addition to those previously acquired Lombardy, Tuscany, Emilia - Romagna etc.., finally bringing the domain to extend from the Savoy ' extreme north to the extreme south of the geographic reality and the human just as Italy has always recognized, regardless of its political unity never really implemented.
Italy, however, was still incomplete, missing large parts of Rome and north-east, here comes the other question the taking of Rome (1870) and the victory over Austria (1918), is the point d ' come in the unity? Or mark the stage (politics) the closing of the Renaissance and then the culmination of the dream of unification of Italy?
The opinion of the President of the Republic has repeatedly stressed that: the unification of Italy, however achieved, is the precondition not only for could arrive at what is now the Republican country, but also because we could, in time, connecting Europe and aspire to, now, at the right time of federalism that respects the unique needs of each part of the nation. The little Italian pre-unification as they would have never been able to continue to exist disunited in the face to the world that the nineteenth century, took a hyperbolic change in speed?.
But to suggest we especially southern is the fact that the same Premier Count Camillo Benso di Cavour despised not a federal state rather than centralized, but the logic of the contractual time, see interscorsi with Napoleon III, which included the north, including the regions still in the hands of the empire Austrian, to be attached to the direct rule of the Savoia, center of Italy to a relative of the French emperor, while the south could remain in the hands of the Bourbons if and only if the federation had accepted and then three were under the honorary presidency of the Pope, as the "expropriation" of land perpetrated against the Papal States. But this project
jumped at the refusal of the King of Naples and Piedmont cavuoriano, informed on the actions of Garibaldi not to lose control of the situation was forced to annex the southern regions of Italy.
Pino April, writer and author of Terroni is a book about South and the South, concludes that: if one hundred and fifty were not sufficient to solve the problem (the south), it means that there was no desire to fix it. As the author says, the two Germanys, but divided by a different vision of the future, the Cold War and a wall in a back twenty years. Because we did not happen?.
The idea of \u200b\u200bfederalism, however, will never fall into oblivion in fact from the moments following the unification of Italy with the Minister of the Interior Minghetti who introduced a bill about a large degree of decentralization to municipalities that occurred only in the news the first uprising in the south, and the fear that too much autonomy could take advantage of the notables to recover Bourbon power, led him to withdraw, opening the doors to the affirmation of a more rigidly centralized. But this effort will be followed by many other forms and in different capacities, through the reform of Title V of the Constitution Constitutional Law 3 of 18 October 2001, to arrive at the present with the wanted federalism since its inception by the Northern League and in 2009 led to the approval of the enabling law to implement that Article. 119 as set out in Title V of the Constitution (2001) coming to reform itself from that federal state property, Roma Capitale, federal municipal, etc. will give a new look al'organizzazione the Italian State. In concluding this
excursus on the first 150 of a united, holding out my personal position on the festivities because I think we should celebrate the anniversary to honor our history, but at the same time we can not hide behind convenient prepackaged rhetoric and a severe reflection on the highlights and shadows and things that we could have and did not, or could have been avoided and not avoided, can be quite an opportunity to strengthen as a people and thus get the energy to face today, those those reforms and progress that would supplement the work of our fathers.
Joseph Grippo Mario
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